SPRINGS / RELATED PRODUCTS

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Engineering Department

Wire Forms and Rings

MATERIALS

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High-Carbon Spring Wire

Material	Music Wire ASTM A 228	Hard Drawn ASTM A 277	High Tensile Hard Drawn ASTM A 679	Oil Tempered ASTM A 229	Carbon Valve ASTM A 230
Nominal Analysis	C -- .70 - 1.00% Mn -- .20 - 60%	C -- .45 - .85% Mn -- .60 - 1.30%	C -- .65 - 1.00% Mn -- .20 - 1.30%	C -- .55 - .85% Mn -- .60 - 1.20%	C -- .60 - .75% Mn -- .60 - .90%
Minimum Tensile Strength	230-399	CLI 147-283 CLII 171-324	238-350	CLI 165-293 CLII 191-324	215-240
Modulus of Elasticity E psi x 106	30	30	30	30	30
Design Stress % Minimum Tensile	45	40	45	45	45
Modulus in Torsion G psi x 106	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5
Maximum Temp. °F	250	250	250	250	250
Maximum Temp. °C	121	121	121	121	121
Rockwell Hardness	C41-60	C31-52	C41-60	C42-55	C45-49
Method of Manufacture Chief Uses Special Properties	Cold drawn. High and uniform tensile. High quality springs and wire forms.	Cold drawn. Average stress applications. Lower cost springs and wire forms.	Cold drawn. Higher quality springs and wire forms.	Cold drawn and heat treated before fabrication, General purpose spring wire.	Cold drawn and heat treated before fabrication. Suitable for cyclic applications.
General. High-carbon spring steels are the most commonly used of all springs materials. Try to use these materials in preference to others because that are least expensive, readily available, easily worked, and most popular. These materials are not satisfactory for high or low temperatures or for shock or impact loading.

Alloy Steel Wire

Stainless Steel Wire

Material

Chrome Vanadium
ASTM A 231

Chrome Silicon
ASTM A 401

AISI 302/304
ASTM A 313

AISI 316
ASTM A 313

17-7 PH
ASTM A 313 (631)

Nominal Analysis

C -- .48 - .53%
Cr -- .80 - 1.10%
V -- .15 min%

C -- .51 - .59%
Cr -- .60 - .80%
Si -- 1.20 - 1.60%

Cr -- 17.0 - 19.0%
Ni -- 8.0 - 10.0%

Cr -- 16.0 - 18.0%
Ni -- 10.0 - 14.0%
Mo -- 2.0 - 3.0%

Cr -- 16.0 - 18.0%
Ni -- 6.5 - 7.5%
Al -- .75 - 1.5%

Minimum Tensile Strength

190-300

235-300

110-245

Cond CH
235-335

Modulus of Elasticity E
psi x 10⁶

29.5

Design Stress % Minimum
Tensile

30-40

Modulus in Torsion
G psi x 106

11.5

Maximum Temp. °F

425

475

550

650

Maximum Temp. °C

218.5

246

288

343

Rockwell Hardness

C41-55

C48-55

C35-45

C38-57

Method of Manufacture
Chief Uses
Special Properties

Cold drawn and heat treated before fabrication. Used for shock loads and moderately elevated temperature.

Cold drawn, general purpose, corrosion and heat resistant. Magnetic in spring temper.

Cold drawn. Heat resistant and better corrosion resistance than 302. Magnetic in spring temper.

Cold drawn & precipitation hardened after fabrication. High strength and general purpose corrosion resistance. Slightly magnetic in spring temper.

General. The alloy spring steels have a definite place in the field of spring materials, particularly for conditions involving high stress and for applications where shock or impact loading occurs. Alloy spring steels also can withstand higher and lower temperatures than the high-carbon steels and are obtainable in either the annealed or pre tempered conditions. Note: These materials are not regularly stocked in a wide variety of sizes.

General. The use of stainless spring steels has increased considerably in recent years. Several new compositions are now available to withstand corrosion. All of these materials can be used for high temperatures up to 650°F.

Non-Ferrous Alloy Wire
Material	Phosphor Bronze Grade A ASTM B 159	Beryllium Copper ASTM B 197	Monel 400 AMS 7233	Monel K 500 QQ-N-286
Nominal Analysis	Cu -- 94.0% - 96.0% Sn -- 4.0 - 6.0%	Cu -- 98.0% Be -- 2.0%	Ni -- 66.0% Cu -- 31.5% C/Fe	Ni -- 65.0% Cu -- 29.5% C/Fe/A/Ti
Minimum Tensile Strength	105-145	150-230	145-180	160-200
Modulus of Elasticity E psi x 10⁶	15	18.5	26	28
Design Stress % Minimum Tensile	40	45	40	40
Modulus in Torsion G psi x 106	6.25	7.0	9.5	9.5
Maximum Temp. °F	200	400	450	550
Maximum Temp. °C/td>	93.8	204	232	288
Rockwell Hardness	B98-104	C35-42	C23-32	C23-35
Method of Manufacture Chief Uses Special Properties	Cold drawn. Good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity.	Cold drawn and may be mill hardened before fabricataion. Good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. High physicals.	Cold drawn. Good corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.	Excellent corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
General. Copper-base alloys are important spring materials becaus of thier good electrical properties combined with their excellent resistance to corrosion. Although these materials are more expensive than the high-carbon and the alloy steels, they nevertheless are frequently used in electrical components and in subzero temperatures. All copper-base alloys are drawn to the American wire gage (same as Brown and Sharpe gage) and are nonmagnetic.

High-Temperature Alloy Wire
Material	A 286 Alloy	Inconel 600 QQ-W-390	Inconel 718	Inconel X-750 AMS 5698, 5699
Nominal Analysis	Ni -- 26.0% Cr -- 15.0% Fe -- 53.0%	Ni -- 76.0% Cr -- 15.8% Fe -- 7.2%	Ni -- 52.5% Cr -- 18.6% Fe -- 18.5%	Inconel X-750 AMS 5698,5699
Minimum Tensile Strength	160-200	170-230	210-2500	No.IT 155 min. Spg.T 190-230
Modulus of Elasticity E psi x 10⁶	29	31	29	31
Design Stress % Minimum Tensile	35	40	40	40
Modulus in Torsion G psi x 106	10.4	11.0	11.2	12
Maximum Temp. °F	950	700	1100	750-1100
Maximum Temp. °C	510	371	593	399-593
Rockwell Hardness	C35-42	C35-45	C45-50	C34-39 C42-48
Method of Manufacture Chief Uses Special Properties	Cold drawn and precipitation hardened after fabrication. Good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature.	Cold drawn. Good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature.	Cold drawn and precipitation hardened after fabrication. Good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature.	Cold drawn and precipitation hardened after fabrication. Good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature.
General. Nickel-based alloys are especially useful spring materials to combat corrosion and to withstand both elevated and below-zero temperature application. Their nonmagnetic characteristic is important for such devices as gyroscopes, chronoscopes, and indicating instruments. These materials have high electrical resistance and should not be used for conductors of electrical current.
Flat High-Carbon Spring Steels
General. Although several types of thin flat strip are obtainable for specific applications in watches, clocks and certain instruments, only two types are readily available. These two compositions are used for over 95% of all applicaitons requiring flat high-carbon strip. Although these materials are frequently plated, sections under 0.015" having carbon content over 0.85 with hardness over Rockwell C47 are highly susceptible to hydrogen-embrittlement even though special plating and beating operations are employed. (Properties are not displayed).

Custom Springs, Wire forms, Precision Metal Stampings, Augers, Prototypes, Manufacturing (OEM)
Leaf - Suspension, Compression, Die, Extension, Hot Wound, Torsion, Clock - Flat Springs

MATERIALS

Custom Springs, Wire forms, Precision Metal Stampings, Augers, Prototypes, Manufacturing (OEM) Leaf - Suspension, Compression, Die, Extension, Hot Wound, Torsion, Clock - Flat Springs

Custom Springs, Wire forms, Precision Metal Stampings, Augers, Prototypes, Manufacturing (OEM)
Leaf - Suspension, Compression, Die, Extension, Hot Wound, Torsion, Clock - Flat Springs